Burj Khalifa
 |
| Highest Building in world |
For more Pictures visit click below:
http://bit.ly/2Z4oCdr
Introduction
Burj khalifa is known as khalifa tower of before
it was known as the Burj Dubai former name. The name from Burj Dubai to the
burj Khalifa was changed when open tower publically in January 4 2010. The main
reason why the name change from the Burj Dubai to the Burj Khalifa just because
the name in the honor of Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Maktoum, who is president
of Abu Dhabi as well as United Arab Emirates, due to the attack of financial
Catastrophes in Dubai burj Khalifa and other developing projects are on the
edge of faltering, in the days of calamity, the neighbor Abu Dhabi provided the
funds for Dubai, the main reason the name burj khalifa instead of Burj Dubai. In addition to the word Khalifa has an
important impact in Islam, it means Islamic world's premier leader.
The Burj Khalifa Tower is situated at 1
Sheikh Muhammad bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, in Downtown Dubai.
There are many districts in the city that is fill up with sky-high buildings
along with the alongside of Sheikh Zayed Road. There is another significant
Skyscraper is Dubai Marina that is approximately 11 miles away. On the right
side of Burj khalifa, there is Dubai marina's location that is 2.1 miles away
from the sea, so the natural sight neighborhood the tower is not as
alluring as Dubai Marina, but there are several man-made lakes and rivers by
side the tower, these lakes and rivers have made up for the lack to a definite
range.
Burj khalifa “khalifa Tower" former known as
Burj Dubai is the tallest Tower or skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and
the world tallest building that ever built at 828m(2,717ft). It occupies the
126 floors very high. Construction of Burj Khalifa was started in the beginning
of 2004 till to the end of 2009. In 2010, the building was officially opened
for buyers, stakeholder, tourists and everyone. It is the tallest ever man made
structure. Burj Khalifa Broke many record after to be into being such as Taipei
101 was the tallest Building ever since the Burj Khalifa was built. But as we
know nothing can be so long, therefore Burj khalifa didn’t take this record for
long because there is Jeddah tower in Jeddah are under construction in Saudi
Arabia which will be 1 kilometer taller than Burj Khalifa.
From the beginning, the purpose
behind Burj Khalifa was intentionally made world tallest building. The formal
height authority is the Illinois Institute of Technology Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban in Chicago, Illinois. The CTBUH evaluates building height
(measured at the primary entrance from track).
Burj Dubai is the largest skyscraper of the world's 163rd floor: 828 m
Building with the highest occupied floor.
The world's highest outdoor
scrutiny is decorated at 452 m (124th floor). Installation of the inflated
elevator of the world, located inside a shaft at the top of the building.
World's inflated elevators at speed of 64 km/h (40 mph) or 18 m/s. highest
vertical concrete pumping (for a building):606 m World's highest installation
of an aluminum and glass frontage, at a height of 512 m. World's highest New
Year fireworks display.
The Burj Khalifa Tower is located in
downtown Dubai at 1 Sheik Muhammad bin Rashid Boulevard, Dubai, UAE. In
propinquity, to Dubai's primary company district. Developed by leading
developer Emaar Properties, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago managed the
tower's structure and engineering. This project was primarily contracted by
South Korea's Samsung C&T, who also constructed Taipei 101 and Petronas
Twin Towers. The major
subcontractors were the Belgian company Besix and the Arabtec of the UAE.
Project development started on September 21, 2004. The project, worth US$ 1.5
billion, has been re-named Burj Khalifa, pivotal to UAE President Khalifa bin
Zayed Al Nahyan's vital support enlarges.
Structure
As the tallest tower need time
to be construct, so the Burj khalifa take almost 5 years started form 21
September to 1 October 2009 to be completed. There must be enormous room
within the tower so that the Burj Dubai has 163 usable floors including more 46
continuation level in the spire and 9 parking levels in the cellar and 309,473
m2 floor space. At Burj Khalifa's summit / peak, at 123 level, seduction must
be seen and amazing views of the town and neighboring emirates are offered. The
tower is affixed. The Offices, a prime office space 12-storey annex. They are
located at the tower's top levels. They occupy 37 floors and merge into one
office the top three floors. Express lifts bring tourists to the office straight
to a level 123 lounge lobby.
How Burj Khalifa’s lower level stand the pressure?
Burj Khalifa is the highest one
tower and the lower sections of the tower need to be standing in a lot of
pressure such Burj Dubai is delineating as all buttress tactile construction
with high-performance concrete from base level to level 156, and also the top
with structured steel braced frame from level 156 to height. Burj Dubai's Y
shape is as deliberate because engineers want to lower the tower's wind forces
and maintain the tower's structure uncomplicated and cultivated building
capacity. As the Tower id Hexagonal hub (six sided central core), each wing and
its own high performance concrete corridor walls and perimeter columns that
made it buttress.
 |
| Y-shaped structure |
In the Consequence, the tower
is twisted homogeneous and closed tube due to the supremely hardened sideways. Each
construction level lays the building up in a spiral step layout. The hitch is
structured with the grid of the towers, so that the spout of the structures is
adroit to provide a flat load route by distributing columns overhead with walls
below. Spouting and shaping's edge is to confuse the wind. The wind counter blow
is never structured because the widen counters have a distinct construction
shape at each fresh level.
 |
| Internal structure |
Because of the peremptory
request, the connection beams differ considerably. Dubai burj (tower) contains
the 0.85 shear-span ratio, 650 mm wide and 825 mm high, the representative
connection beams. For the design of buttress concrete connection beams: the
traditional beam design method was used in the ACI 318-992 strut-and-tie
operation in ACI 318-023, with Appendix A allowing the design of connection
beams slightly above the traditionally structured peak depth in bean strain
pavement In the case of members who were subjected to very large shear
forces, merged structural steel components were produced within the core of the
concrete connecting beams to bear the shear and swing demand completely.
 |
| Link Beam in Burj khalifa |
How does the Burj Khalifa Stand in wind speed for years without
getting affected?
In accurate way, there is no sub merging system in Burj khalifa
like others. Burj khalifa has itself as a damping structural integrity of
building that confuses the wind.
The wind forces are confusing due to the design of building as Bill baker said.
The structure of Burj khalifa is like that when the wind forces increase then
the size of building also increasing and as Burj khalifa is tallest one then if
allowable deflection is 3m then environment inside the building will be
uncomfortable. For that, for making the environment inside comfortable they
modified the building profile according to the wind so that the wind layer
formed around the building is turbulent one. Moreover, the wind following will
confused due to the change in shape and structure as increasing in height. Due
to the reason helps the tower to remain upright as the wind forces reduces
vigorously. Spinal wall system and tower frame will have carried the sideways
wind forces too. Phenomenon they have used for reducing this wind pressure and
profile around the structures and found that it is actually the best way to
reduce the wind forces.
 |
| Wind impact |
Not even just wind forces that can effect tower but also
have to resist in case of earthquake then building frames and shear core works
in the same manner. As many tubes of different height merged together and forms
a shape of three wings, as the building is full of tubes. Each one tube is
located at the 120 degrees from others. This will help in retaining against the
earthquake. The shear lag reduction due to
the belt wall and outrigger truss apart from other systems.
Furthermore, wind features are Variation of wind with
velocity, wind turbulence, statistical probability, Vortex shedding phenomenon,
Dynamic nature of interaction of wind structure.
As the velocity of adjacent earth's surface is almost zero
due to the viscosity air reduces its velocity.
 |
| Variation of wind velocity with height |
Two elements are regarded: mean height-related speed
element, turbulent speed that stays the same over height, structural
engineering-related wind-related.
 |
| Wind turbulence |
for the Low wind speed, the long wind oscillation become
parallel to the wind direction, it’s called shedding that can be occur on
either side of the building.
The vortices of wind are shedding for higher speed of wind
such as from one side to the other side of building. First there is impulse in
wind side direction the three will be the impulse to the other transverse side
of direction.
The shedding of the Vortex, which
was deemed two-dimensional: wind along and transverse wind. When the wind speed
I’d is small then the shedding happens on either side of the house with the
same instant, so it is shown that the oscillations along the wind are parallel
to the direction of the wind. But when the wind is at elevated velocity, the
vortices and the shed alternate between one hand and the other for the wind.
This situation also creates an impulse in the direction, but also in the
direction of the transverse.
 |
| Vertices shedding behavior |
Conclusion
As Burj Khalifa is one of the tallest tower of world, so
enjoy time there is for anyone is spectacular with its beautiful heighted
views, people use to gain little place there and felt privilege. Tower is being
in mix use such as for different variety of purpose such as for office, hotels,
restaurants, observation and communications.
The beautiful structure of burj Khalifa made itself a tallest
tower of world and man-made structure that will be able to stand in viscosity
of wind, earthquakes. The Structure that helps in maintaining to bear the wind
speed that bearing for years without affecting. The concrete made up of
corridor helps in bearing the pressure on the lower part of the tower. The
beams and the elastic material made it flexible. In short the structural
engineering applied for constructing in Burj Khalifa is spectacular and mind
blowing.
As being the tallest building of the world, Burj Khalifa has
broken world records. As being the 828 meters and 160 stories, Burj Khalifa
forms many other records. Such as Burj Khalifa is the tallest building of the
worlds as well as the tallest free stand structure of the world. Also having
the highest number of stories in the world and highest occupied stories in the
world. The longest Travel distance ever, the elevator with the highest
travelling distance as well the longest service providing ever.
An ice
thermal storage system within the district cooling plant being employed in
tower to increase the energy efficiency of cooling system in Burj Khalifa. Due
to this decrease the high-loads conditions and consumption in day time.
For reducing
the temperature of chilled water, the whole system includes the ice slurry.
That ice is installed in off-peak periods and in night times a thermal storage
unit being use all the time of it.
In USA
and Europe, this system of cooling is being in use. Moreover, it was believed first
ever system employed in Middle East is Burj Khalifa and the chiller capacity up
to 35%.
In the
installed ice, if we compare with ice installed is eight time greater than the
similar volume required for chilled water, which makes approving for cooling
plants.
Cost
also reduce 30-40% in the size due to the auxiliary equipment and it transfer
the chiller water and further from the chiller side, the use of smaller equipment’s
such as pipes and pumps etc.
References
Ahmed Essam, Mostaf Atteya, Ramez Nazir,
Muhammad Salah “Report about concept design and construction of Burj Dubai” Burj Dubai n.p, n.d
The Editor of Encyclopedia of Britannica “
Burj Khalifa” n.p, Feb 24, 2017
Code Red Safety “Safety feature in the world’s
highest building: The Burj” Nov 16, 2015
Available: https://coderedsafety.com/blog/safety-features-in-the-worlds-highest-building-the-burj/ . Last accessed Nov 30, 2018.
Emaar PJSC “Building a Global Icon” Burj Khalifa Emaar PJSC 2016,
Jinal Doshi “How does the Burj khalifa survive
the wind loads?” Quora Nov 14, 2015
Available: https://www.quora.com/How-does-the-Burj-Khalifa-survive-wind-loads Last accessed Nov 30, 2018.
Guide2dubai “Burj khalifa Tower” guide2dubai
September 4, 2015
Available: https://www.guide2dubai.com/visiting/attractions/burj-khalifa Last Accessed Nov 29, 2018.
Staff Writer “Burj Khalifa sets energy
Landmark” n.p April 5, 2010
Available: https://www.emirates247.com/eb247/the-business-of-life/environment/burj-khalifa-sets-energy-landmark-2010-04-05-1.102909 Last accessed Nov 30, 2018.
Selina Jullian “Insides the world’s tallest
building” Burj Khalifa” CNN Travel
n.d
Available: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/burj-khalifa-dubai-guide/index.html Last accessed Nov 30, 2018.
Arabian Business “How the Burj was built” Arabian
Business January 16, 2010
Available: https://www.arabianbusiness.com/how-burj-was-built-9706.html
Last accessed December 8, 2018.
www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/burj-khalifa/3
Burj Khalifa
0 comments:
Post a Comment