Cancer
Disorder of cells
Background
The word "cancer" is
Greek word Karkinos that drives by the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370
BC), who was appraise as the "Father of Medicine." According to
Hippocrates the words carcinos and carcinoma that narrate non-ulcer forming
and ulcer-forming tumors. These words known as the crab in Greek, because
finger like spreading projections form a cancer called to mind the shape of
cancer. The Term from Greek translated into cancer (Latin word for crab) by the
Roman physician Celsus (28-50 BC). Later on another physician Galen (130-200
AD), word oncos (Greek word for swelling) to narrate the tumors. But Crab
comparatively use to narrate the malignant tumors, Theory of Hippocrates and Celsus.
Cancer specialist such oncologist, name describes from the Galen's term.
But it was not considered as the
Hippocrates is first person who describes cancer’s cell. But the First famous
Scottish surgeon john Hunter (1728-1793), who suggested the other surgeons that
how to remove the cancer cells through operation. History also suggested that from
the history animal and humans have had cancer. There were many dawn histories has
been written about cancer. Former history suggested that cancer has been found
in fossilized bones tumor, in ancient Egypt in human mummies and in ancient
manuscripts. Due to these history name for the bone cancer suggested that is
osteosarcoma that were found in mummies. In these mummies, destruction of bony
skulls such as head and neck has been found. In Egypt and dates back to about
3000 BC, the very oldest description about the cancer has been found. This
description is known as the Edwin Smith Papyrus is copy of part of an ancient Egyptian
textbook on trauma surgery. In early days’ tumors of breast that were destruct
with the tool called fire drill. But in written form for cancer diseases,
"there is no treatment."
Introduction:
The word cancer is given to all
affiliated diseases. The word "cancer" in which the body cells begin
to abnormally dividing without termination keep spreading on all surrounding
tissues. Normally, in human body when there is need of cells then the new cells
form by division and old cell or damage cells die and new cells that forms take
their place. But in cancer this whole procedure breakdown and division of cells
starts abnormally. Instead of taking the place of damage or old cells by the
new cells, the old or damage cells keep surviving instead of die. Moreover, the
extra cells stars spreading without termination and keep spreading until a
growth called tumors. Tumors can be solid form, from the messes of tissues.
Leukemia’s (blood cancer) is not solid tumors.
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| Cancer cells vs Normal cells |
Cancer cell are malignant, means
the tumor can spread and conquer over the other tissues. As the cancer grows
some of tumor breaks and start travelling to the other parts of body through
the blood or lymph system but on the other hand benign tumors are in large size
but not travel to other parts of body (through breaking tumor). The removal of
benign tumor is far tough and sometimes they don’t break but malignant tumor
sometimes does.
Cause of cancer:
Cancer begin when there is gene
change in one cell and it starts growing and keep multiplying too much over
surrounding tissues. The primary tumors are from where the cancer has been
starts but sometimes the cancer starts spreading to the other part of the body.
That spreading onto the other parts of body is called secondary tumors or
metastasis. The material that cause cancer known as the carcinogens. Biological
factors of internal factors like inherited genetic defects, age, skin type and
gender.
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| Disorder of cancer cells |
In cases of cancer should not be
comprises by the single cause, there are multiple causes of cancer as follows:
Biological factors - of internal
factors like inherited genetic defects, age, skin type and gender.
Environmental vulnerability- such
as the UV radiations, radon and Particulate matter. Some the occupational risk
comprises the carcinogens cells like chemicals, radioactive materials and
asbestos.
Lifestyle risk - that cause
cancer such as tobacco, alcohol, UV radiations in sunlight and some foods
having nitrites and barbecuing foods in which poly aromatic hydrocarbons
contained.
Bacteria and viruses - helicobacter
pylori, HBV, HCV (hepatitis viruses), HPV (papilloma virus change happens in cervical
cells) and EBV (Epstein-Barr virus cause inflammation and throat lymphoid).
Drugs - immune deficiency
(causing medicine), certain hormones and certain antineoplastic agents.
Predisposition that cause breast
cancer at the extent of overall 5 - 10 percent.
Types of cancer:
There are more than 100 types of
cancer. The name given to the cancer accordingly from where these tumors
originated. Some of these well-known cancer listed below:
AIDS-Related Lymphoma (Lymphoma)
Anal cancer
Bladder cancer
Childhood Bladder cancer
Skin Cancer
Breast Cancer
Brain tumors
Cardiac (Heart) Tumors
These are rare forms cancer, but cancer
is most dangerous and wherever the cells exists its can happened there.
List of cancer below:
Symptoms of cancer:
Early warning of cancer in female
or male:
Appetite loss (due to several
conditions) comprises as flu, slow or low metabolism.
Blood in stool (came from maybe
stomach or intestine) but properly through the colonoscopy.
Blood in urine (sign or urinary
tract), kidney bladder cancer or kidney stones.
Cough (doesn’t go away). Lungs
cancer, bleed shortness in breath, chest pain, hoarsens and fatigue (especially
for smokers).
Extreme fatigue (not the normal
type of tiredness but don’t go away).
Cancer hospitals:
8.2 million People died due to
the cancer in 2012. About 250,000 patients arrived to the clinics of Germany.
Due to the affordable prices and high level of medical services Asia become
very popular.
There are some top ranking
hospitals:
1. Asklepios Medical center
(Europe)
2. Bumrungrad international
Hospital (Thailand)
3. San Donato Hospital Group
(Itlay)
4. Sant Joan de Deu (Spain)
5. Sourasky Medical Center
(Ichilov Hospital) in Israel
6. Anadolu Medical center
(Turkey)
7. Helios Hospital berlin-Buch
(Germany)
8. Apollo Hospital (India)
9. LIV Hospital (Turkey)
10. Severance Hospital (South
Korea)
Cancer Treatment:
Surgery (removes the cancer from
the which body part through the surgery), Radiation Therapy (Use the high doses
of radiation from killing the cancer cells and shrinking the tumors),
Chemotherapy (type of treatment in which cancer cells kills by giving the
drugs), Immunotherapy to treat cancer (Make stronger immune system for fighting
with cancer), Targeted Therapy (This type of therapy includes the changing in
the cells that are abnormally growing, dividing and spreading), Hormone Therapy
(Slows the growth of breast and prostate cancer that use the hormone to grow),
stem cell Transplant (Restoring the blood forming stem cells which had
destroyed due to the high doses of Chemotherapy or radiation), Precision
Medicine (Selecting treatment for cancer and allows them of getting
understanding about disease).
Breast Cancer:
In US, almost every woman out of
8 women are surviving with the invasive breast cancer (12.4%). It was estimated
that almost 266,120 new invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in US as well as
the 63,960 noninvasive breast cancer in 2018. In 2018, 2,550 new cases of
invasive breast cancer diagnosed in men. The tendency of invasive breast cancer
in men is 1 of 1,000. In US, about 40,920 women are expected to die due to the
breast cancer and that rate is decreasing since 1989. This is due to the
earlier detection and awareness. Other than the lung cancer, the tendency of
death of women due to breast cancer is higher than any cancer. It is said that
the breast cancer is commonly diagnosed in women and 1n 2017, 30% deaths due to
the breast cancer. Breast cancer is most common is African-American women
rather than the white women of age of 45. African-American women most likely
die due to breast cancer. Asian, Hispanic and Native-American women have less
risk of developing and die due to breast cancer. About 5-10% of breast cancer
happens that linked due to gene mutation (abnormal changes) inherited from
mother of the father. About 85% of breast cancer occur in women that have no
breast cancer history in their family. This is due to the genetic mutation
result of aging process other than the genetic mutation. This risk of breast
cancer is higher in growing old women.
Conclusion:
Cancer is cause due to the
disturbance of cells. That starts invading or spreading into the other tissues.
Cancerous are malignant that breaks down and start travelling to the other part
of body through the blood or lymph system. Other than malignant, benign tumor is
unable to break and when do removable of such tumor sometimes doesn’t break but
malignant do.
Cancer is second cause of death
in U.S. over the 480,000 people die each year due to the consumption of
cigarette.
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